魏氏庄园

魏纯明

魏氏庄园

魏纯明

2012-8-18

    我的家乡是山东省滨州市惠民县魏集镇魏集村,位于美丽富饶的黄河北岸，杨柳成行，荷花飘香。村里有一处建筑文化的杰作――魏氏庄园，是清代武定府同知魏肇庆的宅第，建筑采用了传统的砖石木土混合材料，集古代防卫城垣和北京四合院功能于一体，我国现存最大、最完整的城堡式民居建筑。

远在村外，我们隐约地看到恍如海市蜃楼的青色建筑。进入广场，远远望见在庄园门口矗立着两根高耸的旗杆，上有斗升，寓意升官发财。门前古槐粗壮挺拔，取“门前种槐，升官发财”之意，建庄园时所植。拱券门上方镌刻着“树德”，为光绪16年惠民籍举人张会一所书。城门由铁皮包镶，有36路共1200颗蘑菇形圆钉加固。进入城门，就上城墙吧。外城体现了魏氏庄园的防御功能。东西两边各有一楼梯。从东边楼梯登上城墙，看到城门顶原有敌楼；东南角角楼，门朝西南，安有格扇。城墙高10米，根基厚3.8米，顶宽1.5米。沿着城墙，走到北墙，看到琵琶墙。走到西北角，举目瞭望：坐落于村西北隅的福寿堂，由魏振菖建于1863年，典型的晋中地区建筑风格；坐落于村十字街的徙义堂由魏肇祥建于1891年，雄伟庄重，古朴典雅。从西边楼梯走下城墙，走进院子看看吧。

庭院深深深几许？内宅兼北方民居四合院及南方阁楼建筑的风格，住宅群体共三进九座院落，现存院落六个，住房40余间。先看看大门，上方楣子版采用宋代透雕技法，刻有暗八仙、凤凰牡丹、狮子绣球、鸳鸯荷花等图案。进入大门后是前院。正面是影壁墙。这里有三个跨院，东边是私塾院，中间是前院，西边是裁缝房。私塾院，是魏氏子弟读书的地方。院中有棵古藤。向北是垂花门，此门为住宅第二进门，装饰华丽，雕刻精美。进入垂花门是中院，这里有会客厅和东西廊房。会客厅是魏氏庄园商议家政大事，接待宾客，举行婚丧嫁娶，洽谈生意的地方。抬头迎面一个赤金青地大匾，匾上写着斗大的四个大字“乐善好施”，下面有两行小字：“沈世铨题”，“光绪辛巳年”。东廊房，平时为主人读书的地方，设暗道与私塾院等直接相通；西廊房，平时为主人休息的地方。向东转北是后院，后院也由中路院和东、西跨院组成。后院中间是北大厅，这是魏氏庄园的最大房屋，共11间，五明六暗，中间为5间正房，东西侧各3间，是主人及子女的起居室，为二层阁楼建筑，阁楼东西山上分别设吊桥与城墙相连，体现其宛转相通、进退自如的防御功能，四通八达，轩昂壮丽。

登城眺望，远近村庄尽收眼底；凭吊怀古，万千感慨顿生胸间。那青色的砖青色的瓦，成为了一个遥远的庄园遗梦。

Weishi Manor

Wei Chunming

2012-8-18

    My hometown is Weiji, in Binzhou City Huimin County, Shandong Province, ,located in the beautiful and fertile north bank of the Yellow River, with rows of willows and the fragrance of lotus. There is a masterpiece of architectural culture in my village – Weishi Manor, Wei Zhaoqing’s house, who was an officer of Wuding County in the Qing dynasty, the building using traditional brick and wood soil mixed material, set in ancient defensive city wall and Beijing courtyard features , the largest, most complete civil structures-castle architecture.

Far outside the village, we vaguely see a mirage of green building. Entering the square, we see two tall flagpole in front of the Manor gate, with the peck, inscribed coins pattern , meaning winning power and money. Guhuai sturdy upright in front of the gate, meaning winning power and money too, planted when the Manor built. Arch over the Manor gate engraved with "Shude", written by Zhang Huiyi, Huimin juren in Guangxu 16.The Manor Gate is inlaied by iron leather,36 lines, a total of 1200 of the mushroom-shaped round nails. Entering the gate, let’s go upon the walls. Walls reflect the defensive function of Weishi Manor. There is a staircase on east and west side. Climbing stairs from the east, we see the tower on top of the gate, the southeast corner watchtower. The wall is 10 meters high, and 3.8 m thick, 1.5 meters wide. Along the wall, walk to the north wall, lute wall for defence. Walk to the West, North point, lookout and see: Fushou Hall, located in the Northwest corner of the village, buildt by Wei Zhenchang in 1863, typical Jinzhong architectural style; Xiyi Hall, located in the cross street of the village, buildt by Wei Zhaoxiang in 1891, elegant and majestic stately. Down stairs in the west wall, let’s enter the courtyard for a look.

Deep, deep the courtyard where he is, so deep? Inner residential areas have both the north courtyard and the south attic styles of architecture, where has three parts and nine courtyards. Now there exist six courtyards, over more than 40 rooms. At first, look at the main gate, designed with carving techniques in the Song dynasty, carved dark fringes, phoenix lion hydrangea peony, lotus, mandarin duck and other auspicious patterns. After entering the gate, it is the front yard. Front is screen wall. Here are three yards: the east is the old-style private schools, the middle is the front yard, the west is the sewing room. Old-style private school is Weishi children reading place, where stands a furuto. To the north is a gate with a floral-pendant portico decorated with flowers-cut, this second gate for residential. Entering the gate, here is the reception hall and lounge rooms. The reception hall is the place of the Weishi Manor domestic deliberation events: marriage and funeral affairs, recepting guests, negotiating business. Once inside the hall you looked up and your eye was caught by a great black lablet, on which was written in characters large as peck measures: Prodigal of Benefictions. Small characters at the end: "Shen Shiquan writes", " Guangxu Xinsi year". The east corridor room is a place where usually master reading, set up secret passage communicates directly with the old-style private schools; the west corridor room is a place where usually master resting. Eastward to the North is the backyard, backyard by middle road yard and east yard and west yard. Backyard middle is the northern building, where is Wei's Manor of maximum housing, total 11 apartments. This is master and their children living room, for II layer attic type building, attic mountains respectively set suspension bridge and walls connected, full reflected its tactful communicates and defense features. This is the famous building of whole estate, more imposing by far.

On the wall, you could see view of the village far and near; visiting old architecture, there are thousands of feelings in your mind. The cyan bricks and tiles became a distant Manor dream.